Scientists are studying how four species of deer are related. The scientists believe that Species 1 is the common ancestor. The four species have some traits in common. They also have traits that are unique to their species.

Scientists used the process of gel electrophoresis to study the relatedness of the four deer species. The results of their gel electrophoresis study are shown below.

Describe how three species of deer evolved from the common ancestor. In your response, be sure to

• identify which species is most closely related to the common ancestor; explain your answer using the results of their gel electrophoresis
   
• identify and describe the process that leads to the development of different species
   
• explain what factors affect this process in the deer species