| (1) Selected Response Public Release |
Fossils are the evidence of organisms that lived long ago.
Which of these animals would most likely form a fossil?




/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_001.xml
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| (2) Selected Response Public Release |
Natural processes shape the surface of Earth.
Most canyons are formed by
- ice
- plants
- steady winds
- moving water
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_002.xml
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| (3) Selected Response Public Release |
The diagram below shows a circuit made of a light bulb, a battery, and a wire.

Which statement best describes this circuit?
- The circuit is closed because the battery is connected to two wires.
- The circuit is closed because wires connect the light bulb to the battery.
- The circuit is open because a wire is not correctly connected to the light bulb.
- The circuit is open because there are not enough wires to connect all the parts.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_003.xml
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| (4) Selected Response Public Release |
A female dog is having puppies. She has black fur, brown eyes, and a curly tail. She can sit, bark, and roll over on command.
Which set of traits can the female dog's puppies inherit?
- brown eyes, black fur
- fur, roll over on command
- brown eyes, sit on command
- bark on command, curly tail
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_004.xml
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| (5) Selected Response Public Release |
The data table below shows the physical properties of four materials.

How are glass and copper similar?
- Neither is hard.
- Both are flexible.
- Both conduct electricity.
- Neither is attracted by magnets.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_005.xml
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| (6) Selected Response Public Release |
Aluminum and copper are composed of different types of matter.
Which statement best describes matter?
- Matter has mass.
- Matter has mass and volume.
- Matter must change into different forms.
- Matter must be contained in a certain volume.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_006.xml
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| (7) Selected Response Public Release |
Different materials are attracted by magnets.

Which items are attracted by a magnet?
- copper cylinder and iron nail
- steel paper clip and iron nail
- steel paper clip and copper cylinder
- aluminum washer and steel paper clip
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_007.xml
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| (8) Selected Response Public Release |
Fossils of clam shells were found in the Appalachian Mountains.
Which of these statements best explains why the clam shells were found in the Appalachian Mountains?
- The mountain range was once under water.
- Birds flying overhead dropped the clam shells.
- Animals released the clam shells in their waste.
- The clams lived on land before moving to water.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_008.xml
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| (9) Selected Response Public Release |
Use the diagram below to answer the following.

Which statement best describes the circuits in the diagram?
- Only the light bulb in Circuit 1 is lit.
- Only the light bulb in Circuit 2 is lit.
- Both light bulbs are lit.
- Neither light bulb is lit.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_009.xml
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| (10) Selected Response Public Release |
Each of the animals below belongs to a different group.

Which physical feature classifies all four animals into the same group?
- the type of skin
- the number of legs
- the size of the eyes
- the location of the mouth
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_010.xml
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| (11) Selected Response Public Release |
Eye color is a physical trait.
Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?
- Eye color is a learned trait.
- Eye color is an inherited trait.
- Eye color is a trait that changes over time.
- Eye color is a trait that happens by chance.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_011.xml
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| (12) Selected Response Public Release |
Plants and animals need food for growth.
What happens to most of the food that plants produce?
- Food is released as gas.
- Food is converted to water.
- Food is stored for future use.
- Food is used to absorb sunlight.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_012.xml
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| (13) Selected Response Public Release |
Students measured the mass of a 100-milliliter beaker filled with sand and the mass of a 100-milliliter beaker filled with glass marbles.The beaker of sand had more mass than the beaker of glass marbles.
Why did the beaker of sand have more mass than the beaker of glass marbles?
- The sand is harder than the glass marbles.
- The sand has more matter than the glass marbles.
- The glass marbles are smooth, and the sand is rough.
- The glass marbles are round, and the sand has different shapes.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_013.xml
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| (14) Selected Response Public Release |
Science students observed the physical properties of different materials. They recorded their observations in the data table below.

The students then combined baking soda with some of the materials. Their observations are in the data table below.

The students were given a mixture of salt, sand, glass marbles, and steel marbles.
Which material in the mixture would be attracted by a magnet?
- salt
- sand
- glass marbles
- steel marbles
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_014.xml
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| (15) Selected Response Public Release |
Large populations of sea nettles have been observed during the summer in parts of the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay is a mixture of salt water and fresh water. During the summer, the bay has a moderately high salt content. The amount of salt in the water, the salinity, depends on the amount of fresh water that flows into the bay. Additionally, some studies suggest that human activities have caused an increase in the sea nettle
population.

Scientists have recorded the temperature and salinity data of the Chesapeake Bay every day for many years.
Using these data, scientists will most likely be able to predict
- the depth of the water in the bay
- the exact number of sea nettles in the bay
- the number of fish in the bay that eat sea nettles
- the weather patterns in the bay that affect sea nettles
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_015.xml
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| (16) Selected Response Public Release |
The drawing below shows a field habitat.

Which of these changes would be most harmful to the organisms in the field habitat?
- more birds flying to the field habitat
- increase of rainfall in the field habitat
- students walking through the field habitat
- construction of a building near the field habitat
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_4_017.xml
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| (17) Selected Response Public Release |
A student mixed 25 grams of salt into 1,000 grams of water.
What is the mass of the saltwater mixture?
- 975 grams
- 1,000 grams
- 1,025 grams
- 2,500 grams
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_001.xml
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| (18) Selected Response Public Release |
A teacher told four students to each measure the mass of a closed container of water. The students took turns measuring the mass. Their data are shown in the table below.

Which statement best explains why there are four different measurements?
- The balance was new.
- Each measurement was done at a different time.
- Each student used a different process to find mass.
- Movement caused the container to lose or gain mass.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_002.xml
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| (19) Selected Response Public Release |
Read the passage 'Free Fall' to answer the following.
Which graph best shows the motion of a car in a free-fall ride as the car drops?




/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_003.xml
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| (20) Selected Response Public Release |
Read the passage 'Free Fall' to answer the following.
The seats in a car of a free-fall ride are replaced with heavier seats. This change requires
- more force to lift the car
- less time to stop the car
- a lower rate of speed
- a higher rate of speed
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_004.xml
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| (21) Selected Response Public Release |
Mixing sugar, water, and lemon juice makes lemonade.

Which of the following statements best describes the properties of the materials after mixing the lemonade?
- The materials develop all new properties.
- The materials kept all of their original properties.
- The materials kept many of their physical properties.
- The materials changed most of their physical properties.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_006.xml
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| (22) Selected Response Public Release |
A student boils 100 grams of water to form water vapor (gas).
What method should the student use to determine that the mass of the water vapor is equal to 100 grams?
- measuring the amount of water vapor (gas) in the air
- collecting the water vapor (gas) and cooling it back to a liquid
- weighing the beaker before and after the water is boiled
- comparing the temperature of the boiling water to the temperature of the water vapor (gas)
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_007.xml
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| (23) Selected Response Public Release |
Erosion, transportation, and deposition change the surface of Earth.

Which number in the diagram represents a landform made by the deposition of eroded sediment?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_008.xml
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| (24) Selected Response Public Release |

Several students placed a toy truck on a table in front of a plane mirror and viewed the image of the truck in the mirror. Next, the students moved the toy truck to different positions and observed the reflected images of the truck from each position.
The students placed the toy truck 20 centimeters in front of the mirror.
The image of the truck will appear to be
- 0 centimeters from the mirror
- 10 centimeters in front of the mirror
- 20 centimeters behind the mirror
- 40 centimeters behind the mirror
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_009.xml
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| (25) Selected Response Public Release |

Several students placed a toy truck on a table in front of a plane mirror and viewed the image of the truck in the mirror. Next, the students moved the toy truck to different positions and observed the reflected images of the truck from each position.
How does the size of the image of the toy truck compare to the size of the actual toy truck?
- the image is larger than the actual truck
- the image is smaller than the actual truck
- the image is the same size as the actual truck
- the image size depends on the light behind the toy truck
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_010.xml
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| (26) Selected Response Public Release |

Several students placed a toy truck on a table in front of a plane mirror and viewed the image of the truck in the mirror. Next, the students moved the toy truck to different positions and observed the reflected images of the truck from each position.
The diagram below shows the path of a light ray from the toy truck to the mirror.

Which diagram best shows the path of the light ray after it is reflected from the mirror?




/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_011.xml
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| (27) Selected Response Public Release |
In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland.
A hurricane negatively affects a coastline by
- causing erosion
- causing earthquakes
- increasing food production
- increasing the growth of grasses
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_012.xml
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| (28) Selected Response Public Release |
How do coal and the sun compare as sources of energy?
- Coal is renewable, and the sun is renewable.
- Coal is renewable, and the sun is nonrenewable.
- Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable.
- Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is nonrenewable.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_013.xml
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| (29) Selected Response Public Release |
Trees are a renewable natural resource.
Which of these industries has the least need for trees?
- automobile manufacturing
- home building
- landscaping
- newspaper
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_014.xml
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| (30) Selected Response Public Release |
The drawing below shows a field habitat.

Which of these organisms is a producer in the field habitat?
- bird
- butterfly
- grass
- mouse
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_015.xml
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| (31) Selected Response Public Release |
The drawing below shows a field habitat.

What is the main source of energy in the field habitat?
- the sun
- the plants
- the butterfly
- the soil
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_016.xml
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| (32) Selected Response Public Release |
The motion of Earth is responsible for several celestial events.
Which of the following events is caused by Earth revolving around the sun?
- the days in a year
- the hours in a day
- the changes in the atmosphere of Earth
- the position of the constellations in space
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_018.xml
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| (33) Selected Response Public Release |
Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal.
Coal is most commonly used to produce
- electricity
- medicine
- metals
- water
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_019.xml
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| (34) Selected Response Public Release |
In 2004, Maryland recycled more than 35% of all of the waste the state produced.
Which of these benefits does recycling provide to Maryland?
- fewer wild animals
- decreased farm crops
- less trash sent to landfills
- decreased use of electricity
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_021.xml
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| (35) Selected Response Public Release |
Two students with different masses investigated how their positions on a seesaw affected the movement of the seesaw. The students changed their horizontal positions on the seesaw and measured the highest point at the opposite end.

How might the students best show periodic motion using the seesaw?
- by switching ends of the seesaw every 10 seconds
- by balancing the ends of the seesaw for 10 seconds
- by taking turns pushing off the ground every 10 seconds
- by moving from the end to the center of the seesaw every 10 seconds
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_025.xml
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| (36) Selected Response Public Release |
Two students with different masses investigated how their positions on a seesaw affected the movement of the seesaw. The students changed their horizontal positions on the seesaw and measured the highest point at the opposite end.

What is the primary force that Student 1 works against in order to lower Student 2?
- friction
- gravity
- magnetism
- pressure
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_026.xml
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| (37) Selected Response Public Release |
Two students with different masses investigated how their positions on a seesaw affected the movement of the seesaw. The students changed their horizontal positions on the seesaw and measured the highest point at the opposite end.

How does friction affect the downward movement of Student 2 from Step 1 to Step 3?
- Friction slows the movement.
- Friction increases the downward force.
- Friction changes the direction of gravity.
- Friction increases the mass of the student.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_027.xml
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A container is filled with 250 milliliters of water. The total mass of the container and the water is 300 grams.
What is the total mass of the container and the water after being in a freezer for 2 hours?
- 50 grams
- 250 grams
- 300 grams
- 550 grams
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_028.xml
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| (39) Selected Response Public Release |
A student is measuring the mass of a container of water.

Which of these tools should be used to measure the mass of the container of water?
- a balance
- a thermometer
- a centimeter ruler
- a graduated cylinder
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_029.xml
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Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil.
Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource.
Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment?
- burning it
- recycling it
- burying it in landfills
- crushing it before throwing it away
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_030.xml
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| (41) Selected Response Public Release |
Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil.
Which of the following human activities negatively affects a natural resource?
- fishing in a lake
- using water to produce electricity
- planting native plants along a lakeshore
- directing runoff from cropland into a lake
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_031.xml
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| (42) Selected Response Public Release |
Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil.
Which nonrenewable natural resource heats homes?
- sunlight
- aluminum
- natural gas
- ocean waves
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_032.xml
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| (43) Selected Response Public Release |
Most organisms are made of many different types of cells. Each type of cell has a special role within the organism.

Which of these organisms would most likely contain cells shaped like a rectangle?
- a cat
- a clam
- a fish
- a tree
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_033.xml
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Most organisms are made of many different types of cells. Each type of cell has a special role within the organism.

Which of these cells uses sunlight to produce food?
- leaf cell
- skin cell
- nerve cell
- muscle cell
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_034.xml
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| (45) Selected Response Public Release |
Seawater contains a number of different salts. The water can be separated by a process called distillation. A simple distillation setup is shown below.

The water in the flask evaporates. Water vapor (gas) rises, leaving the salt in the flask. The water vapor is cooled in the condensing tube and drips into the beaker.
During the process shown in the diagram, water vapor (gas) changes into liquid water by
- cooling
- evaporating
- freezing
- warming
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_036.xml
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| (46) Selected Response Public Release |
Seawater contains a number of different salts. The water can be separated by a process called distillation. A simple distillation setup is shown below.

The water in the flask evaporates. Water vapor (gas) rises, leaving the salt in the flask. The water vapor is cooled in the condensing tube and drips into the beaker.
Why does salt remain in the flask?
- Salt is attracted to heat.
- Salt does not evaporate.
- Salt is too heavy to become a vapor (gas).
- Salt becomes water after it is heated.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_037.xml
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| (47) Selected Response Public Release |
Seawater contains a number of different salts. The water can be separated by a process called distillation. A simple distillation setup is shown below.

The water in the flask evaporates. Water vapor (gas) rises, leaving the salt in the flask. The water vapor is cooled in the condensing tube and drips into the beaker.
Salt water and fresh water are both found on the surface of Earth.
What feature of water is most important to life on Earth?
- the ability to dissolve salt
- the ability to change shape
- the ability to exist in the atmosphere
- the ability to exist as a solid, liquid, or gas
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_038.xml
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| (48) Selected Response Public Release |
Coal and trees are resources found in Maryland.
Both resources are used for
- making paper
- making pencils
- building houses
- producing heat
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_039.xml
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The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean.
Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?
- people fishing from a boat
- children playing in the ocean waves
- children digging holes along the sand dunes
- people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_040.xml
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A car and a truck move on a road in the same direction at the same speed. Both vehicles slow down with the same stopping force.

Which statement best explains why the truck needs more distance to stop?
- The truck is longer.
- The truck has more mass.
- The truck has larger wheels.
- The truck has a larger engine.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_041.xml
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What is the main energy source that causes changes in the atmosphere of Earth?
- the sun
- the moon
- fossil fuels
- greenhouse gases
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_042.xml
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| (52) Selected Response Public Release |
Greenhouse gases affect the water cycle by
- increasing evaporation
- increasing condensation
- decreasing precipitation
- decreasing deposition
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_043.xml
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| (53) Selected Response Public Release |
How would Earth most likely change if the amount of greenhouse gases continued to increase?
- Glacier size would increase.
- Air pollution would decrease.
- Ocean levels would decrease.
- Global temperatures would increase.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_044.xml
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| (54) Selected Response Public Release |
A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp.
Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?
- meter per liter
- seconds per gram
- milligrams per liter
- centimeters per second
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_045.xml
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A student is investigating which type of soil is best for growing tomato plants from seeds. The student plants four tomato seeds in each of three different containers of soil.
Which step of the procedure would help the student get the most reliable results?
- Place one container in a dark room.
- Use different types of tomato seeds.
- Change only the soil type in each container.
- Water each container with a different amount of water.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_046.xml
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A student needs to measure the volume of some pond water.
Which of these tools will best measure the volume of pond water?




/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_047.xml
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| (57) Selected Response Public Release |
The Little Dipper is a group of stars. During the night, the Little Dipper appears to change positions in the sky.

Which of these statements best explains why the Little Dipper appears to change positions in the night sky?
- Earth rotates on its axis.
- Earth revolves around the stars.
- The Little Dipper moves around the sun.
- The stars in the Little Dipper move in the sky.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_048.xml
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| (58) Selected Response Public Release |
Science students observed the physical properties of different materials. They recorded their observations in the data table below.

The students then combined baking soda with some of the materials. Their observations are in the data table below.

What happened to the properties of the baking soda and the salt after the two materials were mixed together?
- The properties of the baking soda and salt changed.
- The properties of the baking soda and salt did not change.
- The properties of the baking soda changed, but the properties of the salt did not change.
- The properties of the baking soda did not change, but the properties of salt changed.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_049.xml
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| (59) Selected Response Public Release |
Large populations of sea nettles have been observed during the summer in parts of the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay is a mixture of salt water and fresh water. During the summer, the bay has a moderately high salt content. The amount of salt in the water, the salinity, depends on the amount of fresh water that flows into the bay. Additionally, some studies suggest that human activities have caused an increase in the sea nettle
population.

The salinity level of the bay is changed when pollutants enter the bay. Salinity is also affected by extreme temperatures, drought conditions, and floods.
Which of these events would have the most negative effect on the sea nettle population in the bay?
- fossil fuel burning cars drive across the bay on a bridge
- farmland fertilizers enter a river that flows into a nearby bay
- a thunderstorm dumps rain along a shoreline of a nearby bay
- overflow from a waste water treatment plant empties directly into the bay
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_050.xml
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| (60) Selected Response Public Release |
Large populations of sea nettles have been observed during the summer in parts of the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay is a mixture of salt water and fresh water. During the summer, the bay has a moderately high salt content. The amount of salt in the water, the salinity, depends on the amount of fresh water that flows into the bay. Additionally, some studies suggest that human activities have caused an increase in the sea nettle
population.

Sea nettles need small amounts of nutrients to survive and reproduce. Sea nettle populations increase quickly when excess nitrogen pollutes the water in which the sea nettles live. A sea nettle reproduces by laying thousands of eggs.

How would excess nitrogen most likely affect the other organisms in this food web?
- The striped bass (fish) population would increase immediately.
- The menhaden (fish) population would decrease slowly.
- The copepod population would increase quickly.
- The algae population would decrease slowly.
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_051.xml
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| (61) Selected Response Public Release |
The sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west each day. During the day, the sun is so bright that other objects in space are rarely visible. At night, other objects in space, such as planets and stars, are often visible.
The data table below contains information about the planets in our solar system.

Which of these changes on Earth would be likely if Earth were farther from the sun?
- lower temperatures
- higher temperatures
- more hours in the day
- fewer days in the year
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_052.xml
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| (62) Selected Response Public Release |
The sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west each day. During the day, the sun is so bright that other objects in space are rarely visible. At night, other objects in space, such as planets and stars, are often visible.
The data table below contains information about the planets in our solar system.

Which of these actions is responsible for the sun appearing to rise and set?
- Earth rotating on its axis
- the sun rotating on its axis
- Earth revolving around the sun
- the sun revolving around Earth
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_053.xml
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| (63) Selected Response Public Release |
The sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west each day. During the day, the sun is so bright that other objects in space are rarely visible. At night, other objects in space, such as planets and stars, are often visible.
The data table below contains information about the planets in our solar system.

Why is one year on Earth 365 days and one year on Mercury 88 days?
- Earth is larger than Mercury.
- Earth is smaller than Mercury.
- Earth is closer than Mercury to the sun.
- Earth is farther than Mercury from the sun.
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A student mixes water, a powdered drink mix, and sugar to make a flavored drink.

Explain what happens when the materials are combined to make a mixture. In your explanation, be sure to include
- the properties before they are mixed
- how the properties were affected
Write your answer in the space provided.
Properties Before Mixing
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Properties After Mixing
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Read the passage 'Free Fall' to answer the following.
Two different-shaped objects were dropped from the same height. Data from the investigation was recorded, as shown below.

Explain why the average times to fall were different for the two objects. In your explanation, be sure to include
- the errors in this investigation
- how these errors affected the outcome
- how the investigation should be improved to obtain valid data
Write your answer on your answer document
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Most organisms are made of many different types of cells. Each type of cell has a special role within the organism.
Multicellular organisms are made of groups of cells working together to do one job. These are called specialized cells. The diagrams show four types of specialized cells. Not all multicellular organisms need the same specialized cells.

Explain why multicellular organisms only need certain specialized cells. In your explanation, be sure to include
- a type of specialized cell not found in a plant
- why this specialized cell is not needed by a plant
Write your answer on your answer document
/toolkit/vsc/assessment_items/msa_science_5_057.xml
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