School Improvement in Maryland

State Curriculum: Reading Grade 1

Document Date: 11/15/07
3–8 Acrobat 166k Ms Word 914k
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Standard 1.0 General Reading Processes

Topic

A.

Students will master the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words by the end of grade one.

Indicator

  • 1. Discriminate sounds and words

Objectives

  1. Identify initial, medial, and final sounds in one-syllable words
  1. Compare one-syllable words using initial, medial, and final sounds
  1. Categorize words as same or different by medial sounds

Indicator

Objectives

  1. Produce sentences with rhyming and alliteration

Indicator

  • 3. Blend sounds and syllables to form words

Objectives

  1. Blend 3-4 phonemes into a word, such as f-a-s-t=fast

Indicator

  • 4. Segment and manipulate sounds in spoken words

Objectives

  1. Segment words into syllables
  1. Segment one-syllable words into phonemes
  1. Delete sounds to form new words
  1. Add sounds to form new words
  1. Substitute sounds to form new words

Topic

B.

Students will apply their knowledge of letter/sound relationships and word structure to decode unfamiliar words.

Indicator

  • 1. Identify letters and corresponding sounds

Objectives

  1. Produce letter/sound correspondences rapidly (1 per second)
  1. Combine sounds to form letter combinations, such as pl-, bl-, tr-, -nt

Indicator

  • 2. Decode words in grade-level texts

Objectives

  1. Recognize and apply short vowels, long vowels, and "y" as a vowel
  1. Decode words with letter combinations, such as consonant digraphs, blends, and special vowel patterns
  1. Read one-syllable words fluently (CVC, CVCE)
  1. Use known word/part to decode unknown words, such as car->card

Topic

C.

Students will read orally with accuracy and expression at a rate that sounds like speech.

Indicator

  • 1. Read orally from familiar text at an appropriate rate

Objectives

  1. Listen to models of fluent reading
  1. Read familiar text at a rate that is conversational and consistent
  1. Reread text multiple times to increase familiarity with words

Indicator

  • 2. Read grade-level text accurately

Objectives

  1. Reread and self-correct while reading
  1. Use word context clues (meaning), sentence structure (syntax), and visual clues to guide self-correction
  1. Read sight words automatically, such as have, said, where, two

Indicator

  • 3. Read grade-level text with expression

Objectives

  1. Demonstrate appropriate use of phrasing when reading familiar text
    • Use end punctuation, commas, and quotation marks to guide expression
    • Use intonation (emphasis on certain words) to convey meaning

Topic

D.

Students will use a variety of strategies and opportunities to understand word meaning and to increase vocabulary.

Indicator

  • 1. Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts

Objectives

  1. Acquire new vocabulary through listening to and reading a variety of grade-appropriate text daily
  1. Discuss words and word meanings daily as they are encountered in texts, instruction, and conversation
  1. Ask questions to clarify meaning about objects and words related to topics discussed
  1. Listen to and identify the meaning of new vocabulary in multiple contexts
  1. Connect unfamiliar words from texts, instruction and conversation to prior knowledge to enhance meaning
  1. Learn 5-8 new words every week (independent reading)

Indicator

  • 2. Develop a conceptual understanding of new words

Objectives

  1. Sort grade-appropriate words with or without pictures into categories
  1. Identify antonyms and synonyms
  1. Identify and use correctly new words acquired through study of their relationship to other words

Indicator

  • 3. Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary

Objectives

  1. Determine meaning of words using their context
    • Reread
    • Use context clues
    • Examine illustrations
  1. Use unfamiliar words introduced in literary and informational texts
  1. Use word structure to determine meaning of words
  1. Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words
    • Picture dictionary
    • Charts
    • Diagrams
    • Posters
    • Content texts

Topic

E.

Students will use a variety of strategies to understand what they read (construct meaning).

Indicator

  • 1. Develop comprehension skills through exposure to a variety of print and non-print texts, including traditional print and electronic texts

Objectives

  1. Listen to, read, and discuss text representing diversity in content, culture, authorship, and perspective, including areas, such as race, gender, disability, religion, and socio-economic background
  1. Self-select appropriate text for a variety of purposes
  1. * Read a minimum of 25 books representing various genres
  1. Discuss ideas/information gained from reading experiences with adults and peers

Indicator

  • 2. Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading)

Objectives

  1. Make connections to the text using their prior knowledge and experiences with the text
  1. Make predictions or ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic
  1. Set a purpose for reading and identify type of text (fiction or nonfiction)

Indicator

  • 3. Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading)

Objectives

  1. Recall and discuss what they understand
  1. Identify and question what did not make sense
  1. Reread difficult parts slowly and carefully and use own words to restate difficult parts
  1. Make, confirm, or adjust predictions
  1. Look back through the text to search for connections between topics, events, characters, and actions in stories to specific life experiences

Indicator

  • 4. Use strategies to demonstrate understanding of the text (after reading)

Objectives

  1. Describe what the text is about
  1. Describe what is directly stated in the text (details, literal meaning)
  1. Engage in conversation to understand what has been read
  1. Answer simple questions (who, what, when, where, and how) in writing
  1. Respond to text by drawing, speaking, dramatizing, or writing
  1. Retell the main idea of texts

Standard 2.0 Comprehension of Informational Text

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned informational texts

Objectives

  1. Listen to nonfiction materials
    • Textbooks
    • Trade books
    • Grade-appropriate reference materials
    • Newspapers
    • Articles
    • Magazines
    • Questionnaires/interviews
    • Multimedia resources
  1. Read and recognize functional documents
    • Sets of directions
    • Science investigations
    • Posters
    • Flyers
    • Forms
    • Invitations
    • Menus
    • Maps
    • Recipes
    • Rules
    • Classroom schedules
  1. Select and read personal interest materials, such as brochures, books, magazines, and web sites

Indicator

Objectives

  1. Use print features
    • Large bold print
    • Font size/type
    • Colored print
    • Headings and chapter titles
    • Labels
    • Captions
    • Numbered steps
  1. Use graphic aids
    • Illustrations
    • Pictures
    • Photographs
    • Drawings
    • Maps
    • Graphs
    • Charts/tables
    • Diagrams
    • Materials list
  1. Use informational aids
  1. Use organizational aids when reading
    • Title
    • Table of contents
    • Numbered steps
    • Transition words

Indicator

  • 3. Develop knowledge of organizational structure of informational text to understand what is read

Objectives

  1. Distinguish between fiction and nonfiction text
  1. Recognize words that signal the structure of informational text
  1. Recognize sequential order
  1. Recognize cause/effect relationships
  1. Recognize similarities and differences
  1. Recognize main idea

Indicator

Objectives

  1. Identify the text's purpose
  1. Identify main ideas/messages
  1. Distinguish between a fact and an opinion
  1. Retell important facts from a text
  1. Identify how someone might use the text
  1. Identify prior knowledge that clarifies the main idea of the text

Indicator

  • 5. Identify and explain the author's use of language

Objectives

  1. Recognize specific punctuation that create tone

Indicator

Objectives

  1. State whether the text fulfills the reading purpose
  1. Tell what the author could have done to make the text easier to understand
  1. Explain whether the author's ideas are clear
  1. Identify words that affect the reader's feelings

Standard 3.0 Comprehension of Literary Text

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned literary texts

Objectives

  1. Listen to, read, and discuss a variety of literary texts representing diverse cultures, perspectives, and ethnicities
  1. Listen to, read, and discuss a variety of different types of fictional literary texts, such as plays, poems, stories (folktales, fairy tales, fantasy, fables, realistic fiction, and historical fiction)

Indicator

  • 2. Use text features to facilitate understanding of literary texts

Objectives

  1. Identify and explain how the title contributes to meaning
  1. Identify and explain how text features, such as illustrations, punctuation, and print features, contribute to meaning

Indicator

  • 3. Use elements of narrative texts to facilitate understanding

Objectives

  1. Identify the elements of a story, including characters, setting, problem, and solution
  1. Identify and explain character traits and actions
  1. Sequence the important events

Indicator

  • 4. Use elements of poetry to facilitate understanding

Objectives

  1. Identify rhyme, rhythm, and repetition in poems read to them
  1. Summarize the events or tell the meaning of the poem

Indicator

  • 5. Use elements of drama to facilitate understanding

Objectives

  1. Identify the characters, dialogue, and scenery of a play read to them

Indicator

  • 6. Determine important ideas and messages in literary texts

Objectives

  1. Recognize the main idea
  1. Recognize a similar message in more than one text
  1. Summarize the text by stating the main idea and sequencing the important events
  1. Identify personal connections to the text

Indicator

  • 7. Identify and describe the author's use of language

Objectives

  1. Identify language that appeals to the senses and feelings
  1. Identify repetition
  1. Identify specific words and punctuation that create tone

Standard 4.0 Writing

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Compose texts using the prewriting and drafting strategies of effective writers and speakers

Objectives

  1. Generate ideas and topics and make a plan for writing
  1. Write a first draft with a main idea and supporting details

Indicator

  • 2. Compose oral, written, and visual presentations that express personal ideas, inform, and persuade

Objectives

  1. Write to express personal ideas using drawings, symbols, letters, words, sentences, and simple paragraphs
  1. Contribute to a shared writing experience or topic of interest
  1. Use sensory details to expand ideas
  1. Use details that support a topic with a clear beginning, middle, and end to inform
  1. Write persuasive text to support a stated opinion
  1. Write a variety of responses to text, such as response logs and journals

Indicator

  • 3. Compose texts using the revising and editing strategies of effective writers and speakers

Objectives

  1. Improve writing by
    • Maintaining a topic
    • Adding ideas
  1. Proofread and edit writing for
    • Capitalization at the beginning of sentences
    • Capitalization for names
    • Punctuation at the end of sentences
    • Accurate spelling of previously learned, high-frequency words
  1. Prepare writing for publication

Indicator

  • 4. Identify how language choices in writing and speaking affect thoughts and feelings

Objectives

  1. Identify and use words to express feelings, such as happiness, anger, sadness, frustration
  1. Acquire and use new vocabulary

Indicator

Objectives

  1. Use descriptive words and other details to expand and improve student's own writing

Indicator

  • 6. Use information from various sources to accomplish a purpose

Objectives

  1. Identify sources of information on a topic, such as trade books, classroom dictionaries, glossaries, indexes, maps, news magazines, etc.
  1. Use graphic organizers, such as webs and story maps to organize information

Standard 5.0 Controlling Language

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Use grammar concepts and skills that strengthen oral and written language

Objectives

  1. Use various parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, and verbs
  1. Distinguish between complete and incomplete sentences
  1. Compose simple sentences using correct word order

Topic

B.

Indicator

  • 1. Recognize examples of conventional usage in personal and academic reading

Objectives

Indicator

  • 2. Comprehend and apply standard English in oral and written language

Objectives

  1. Recognize when subjects and verbs agree
  1. Recognize when personal nouns and pronouns agree

Topic

C.

Indicator

  • 1. Explain the purpose of mechanics to make and clarify meaning

Objectives

Indicator

  • 2. Comprehend and use basic punctuation and capitalization in written language

Objectives

  1. Consistently use end punctuation such as period, question mark, exclamation mark
  1. Use periods in numbered lists
  1. Use commas in dates and salutations and closings
  1. Use capital letters to begin sentences and identify proper nouns, such as names

Topic

D.

Indicator

  • 1. Apply conventional spelling in written language

Objectives

  1. Correctly spell several non-phonetic high frequency words
  1. Spell phonetically regular high frequency words
  1. Correctly spell grade level appropriate pattern words
  1. Spell two syllable words that follow regular spelling patterns, including compound words
  1. Encode words with simple blends
  1. Spell words with simple prefixes and inflectional endings
  1. Use temporary spelling to attempt unknown words
  1. Access resources to spell unknown words, such as labeled objects, word walls, charts, pictionaries

Topic

E.

Indicator

  • 1. Produce writing that is legible to the audience

Objectives

  1. Form upper and lower case manuscript letters
  1. Control size and spacing of manuscript letters on appropriately lined paper
  1. Use manuscript in daily assignments to build accuracy and automaticity

Standard 6.0 Listening

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Demonstrate active listening strategies

Objectives

  1. Attend to the speaker
  1. Respond appropriately to clarify and understand

Indicator

  • 2. Comprehend and analyze what is heard

Objectives

  1. Determine a speaker's general purpose
  1. Identify rhythms and patterns of language, including rhyme and repetition
  1. Demonstrate an understanding of what is heard by retelling, asking questions, and relating prior knowledge
  1. Follow a set of multi-step directions
  1. Listen carefully to expand and enrich vocabulary
  1. Make judgments based on information from the speaker

Standard 7.0 Speaking

Topic

A.

Indicator

  • 1. Use organization and delivery strategies

Objectives

  1. Speak clearly enough to be heard and understood in a variety of settings
  1. Use verbal and non-verbal techniques useful in communication, such as volume and/or gestures

Indicator

  • 2. Make oral presentations

Objectives

  1. Speak in a variety of situations to inform and/or relate experiences, including retelling stories
  1. State a position and support it with reasons
  1. Use props when appropriate
  • *New Standards identifies the need for students to process 1 million words per year to maintain academic progress.
  • **Emphasis is on application of conventions rather than memorization of terms.

Indicators/objectives that include assessment limits are assessed on MSA *New Standards identifies the need for students to process 1 million words per year to maintain academic progress.

11/15/07