| General Reading Processes: |
| Phonemic Awareness
: Students will master the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words by the end of grade one. |
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Discriminate sounds and words |
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Identify whether isolated sounds are same or different
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Identify initial and final sounds in a word
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Categorize words as same or different by initial or final sounds
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Discriminate and produce rhyming words and alliteration |
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Repeat and produce rhyming words
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Identify and repeat sentences that use alliteration
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Blend sounds and syllables to form words |
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Orally blend syllables into a whole word, such as fun-ny=funny
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Orally blend onset and rimes (word families) into a whole word, such as b-at=bat
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Orally blend 2-3 phonemes into one syllable words, such as m-e=me; f-u-n=fun
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Segment and manipulate sounds in spoken words and sentences |
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Clap words in a sentence
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Clap syllables in a word
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Say syllables
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Identify the initial sound in a word
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Segment individual sounds in words
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Substitute initial sounds in words to form new words
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| Phonics
: Students will apply their knowledge of letter/sound relationships and word structure to decode unfamiliar words. |
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Identify letters and corresponding sounds |
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Identify in isolation all upper and lower case letters of the alphabet
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Identify letters matched to sounds
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Generate the sounds associated with individual letters and letter patterns, such as s-, st-, -at, -ack, -ed
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Decode words in grade-level texts |
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Identify similarities and differences in letters and words
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Blend letter sounds in one-syllable words (CVC)
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Use onset and rime (word families) to decode one-syllable words
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| Fluency *
: Students will read orally with accuracy and expression at a rate that sounds like speech. |
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Engage in imitative reading at an appropriate rate |
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Listen to models of fluent reading
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Recite nursery rhymes, poems, and finger plays with expression
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Read orally from familiar texts at an appropriate rate |
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Read familiar text with accuracy and expression
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Use knowledge of end punctuation to signal expression in reading
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Recognize some words by sight, such as student's first and last name, a, the, my, you, is, are
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| Vocabulary
: Students will use a variety of strategies and opportunities to understand word meaning and to increase vocabulary. |
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Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts |
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Acquire new vocabulary through listening to and reading a variety of texts on a daily basis
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Discuss words and word meanings daily as they are encountered in texts, instruction, and conversation
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Ask questions to clarify meaning about objects and words related to topics discussed
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Listen to and identify the meaning of new vocabulary in multiple contexts
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Listen to and identify the meaning of content-specific vocabulary
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Read signs, labels, and environmental print
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Collect and manipulate favorite words
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Develop a conceptual understanding of new words |
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Use words to describe location, size, color, and shape
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Name pictures of common concepts, such as sleeping, running, walking
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Use names and labels of basic concepts, such as stop, go, boys, girls, in, out, poison
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Identify and sort pictures of common words into basic categories, such as colors, numbers, seasons
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Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary |
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Use text and illustrations to identify meaning of unknown words
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Use newly learned vocabulary on multiple occasions to reinforce meaning
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Use word structure to determine meaning of words
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Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words
- Picture dictionaries
- Charts
- Diagrams
- Posters
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| General Reading Comprehension
: Students will use a variety of strategies to understand what they read (construct meaning). |
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Demonstrate an understanding of concepts of print to determine how print is organized and read |
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Understand that speech can be written and read
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Read a minimum of 15 books, both literary and informational
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Identify title, cover page, front and back of book, table of contents, page numbers, and describe what information is presented on the title and cover pages
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Track print from left to right and top to bottom
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Make return sweep to next line of text
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Match oral words to printed words
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Differentiate numerals, letters and words
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Recognize that printed words are separated by spaces
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Recognize that letters build words and words build sentences
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Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading) |
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Make connections to the text using illustrations, photographs, and prior knowledge
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Make predictions by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic
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Ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations, photographs, text
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Set a purpose for reading
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Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading) |
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Use illustrations to construct meaning from text
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Make, confirm, or adjust predictions
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Make comments and ask relevant questions
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Reread sentences when meaning is not clear
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Connect events, characters, and actions in stories to specific life experiences
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Demonstrate understanding of text (after reading) |
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Recall and discuss information from text
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Respond to questions (who, what, and where) and verify answers using illustrations/text
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Respond to text by drawing, speaking, dramatizing, or writing
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Compare information in text with prior knowledge
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Validate/determine the purpose for reading
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Retell a story using text as support
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