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Goal 1 Functions and Algebra

Expectation 1.1 The student will analyze a wide variety of patterns and functional relationships using the language of mathematics and appropriate technology.

Indicator 1.1.1 The student will recognize, describe, and/or extend patterns and functional relationships that are expressed numerically, algebraically, and/or geometrically.

Assessment Limits:

  • The given pattern must represent a relationship of the form y = mx + b (linear), y = x2 + c (simple quadratic), y = x3 + c (simple cubic), simple arithmetic progression, or simple geometric progression with all exponents being positive.
  • The student will not be asked to draw three-dimensional figures.
  • Algebraic description of patterns is in indicator 1.1.2

Extended Constructed Response (ECR) Item - Released in 2004

Toy blocks are used to build a tower. The surface area and volume of the tower built with these blocks is shown in the table below.

Complete the following in the Answer Book:

  • Complete the table in the Answer Book to determine the surface area and the volume for 5 and 6 blocks.
  • Write an algebraic expression to represent the relationship between the number of blocks and the surface area of the tower. Use mathematics to justify your answer.
  • If 10 blocks are used, what is the surface area and the volume of the tower? Use mathematics to explain how you determined your answers. Use words, symbols, or both in your explanation.

The following 8 Anchor Papers represent a range of score points and are used in conjunction with the rubrics to assess student responses.

Anchor Paper #1

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #1: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response indicates little application of a reasonable strategy. The table is correctly completed. No expression for the relationship between the number of blocks and the surface area is given. Although the patterns used to complete the table are described, the student does not find either the volume or the surface area of a 10-block tower. This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #2

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #2: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response indicates little application of a reasonable strategy. While the table is correctly completed, the attempted equation is incorrect. No justification is given. Both the surface area (114) and the volume (36) of a 10-block tower are incorrect, and no explanations are provided. This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #3

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #3: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The table is correctly completed; however, no expression is given. The surface area (126) and the volume (40) of a 10-block tower are correct. Explanations are not provided. This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #4

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #4: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The table is correctly completed. The representation, in the form of an expression (12x+6), is correct, and the variable is defined. No justification is provided. While an expression for finding the volume is given, the student makes no attempt to find either the volume or surface area of a 10-block tower. This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #5

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #5: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to some correct solutions. The table is correctly completed. The representation, in the form of an equation (y=12x+6), is correct; however, a justification is not provided. Both the surface area (126) and the volume (40) of a 10-block tower are correct. The tabular explanation supports the solutions; the student extends the table to find the volume and surface area of ten blocks. This response demonstrates a clear understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #6

image of student response
image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #6: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to some correct solutions. The table is correctly completed. The representation, in the form of an equation (y=12x+6), is correct, and the variables are defined. Although the student gives an explanation of the equation, the justification is incomplete. (I tested the equation with the data from the chart and it worked out.) The volume of a 10-block tower (40 cubic centimeters) is correct. The explanation supports the solution. The student describes the steps used on a graphing calculator and then summarizes (volume was found by multiplying 4 by the number of blocks used to build the tower). No surface area is provided. This response demonstrates a clear understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #7

image of student response
image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #7: Rubric Score 4

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution within the context of the problem. The table is correctly completed. The representation, in the form of an equation (y=12x+6), is correct. The student provides an explanation of the equation followed by a justification. (If you plug any of the numbers we used for the x-axis, which is anything in List 1, you will find it correct. For example, if I plugged 2 {number of blocks} in as x, the equation would be y=12(2)+6. Y would equal 30 in this case, which is the correct surface area for 2 blocks.) The surface area of a 10-block tower (126 cm²) is correct, and the explanation supports the solution (going to the table, when x=10 and that shows that the surface area is 126 cm²). The volume (40 cm³) is correct; the explanation is clearly presented and supports the solution. The student finds an equation representing the relationship between the number of blocks and the volume and then uses the corresponding table in the graphing calculator to find the volume when x=10. This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Anchor Paper #8

image of student response
image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #8: Rubric Score 4

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution within the context of the problem. The table is correctly completed. The representation, in the form of an expression (12x+6), is correct, and the variable is defined. The symbolic justification is clearly presented, fully developed, and supports the solution. The student replaces the x in the expression with numbers 1 through 4 and solves for each, showing that the found solutions match the given numbers in the table. The surface area of a 10-block tower (126 cm²) is correct. The symbolic explanation is fully developed; the student replaces x in the expression with 10 and solves. The volume (40 cm³) is correct. The explanation is clearly presented and supports the solution. The student gives an expression representing the relationship between the number of blocks and the volume, replaces x with 10, and solves. This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Extended Constructed Response (ECR) Rubric

Print: Scoring Rubric (pdf)
Score 4

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representations are correct. The explanation and/or justification is logically sound, clearly presented, fully developed, supports the solution, and does not contain significant mathematical errors. The response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 3

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that may or may not lead to a correct solution. The representations are essentially correct. The explanation and/or justification is generally well developed, feasible, and supports the solution. The response demonstrates a clear understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 2

The response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy that may or may not lead to a correct solution. The representations are fundamentally correct. The explanation and/or justification supports the solution and is plausible, although it may not be well developed or complete. The response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 1

The response indicates little or no application of a reasonable strategy. It may or may not have the correct answer. The representations are incomplete or missing. The explanation and/or justification reveals serious flaws in reasoning. The explanation and/or justification may be incomplete or missing. The response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 0

The response is completely incorrect or irrelevant. There may be no response, or the response may state, “I don't know.”

Explanation refers to the student using the language of mathematics to communicate how the student arrived at the solution.

Justification refers to the student using mathematical principles to support the reasoning used to solve the problem or to demonstrate that the solution is correct. This could include the appropriate definitions, postulates and theorems.

Essentially correct representations may contain a few minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Fundamentally correct representations may contain several minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Last Revised 8/16/00

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Resources for 1.1.1:
Skill Statements | PUBLIC RELEASE ITEMS | Lesson Plans |