Cyanide is a poison that prevents mitochondria from using oxygen. As a result, the mitochondria cannot produce

A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop cancer cells from dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is successful?

Use the information and the table below to answer the following.

Mammals, birds, modern reptiles, and theropod dinosaurs are vertebrates. The table below shows some of the differences and similarities among these groups of vertebrates.

Birds, mammals, and theropod dinosaurs can maintain a constant body temperature. The ability to maintain a constant body temperature is an example of

Use the diagram of the two different organisms and the information below to answer the following.

Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. A frog is a multicellular organism that lives in aquatic environments.

Which of these is the type of reproduction used by Streptococcus?

Use the diagram of the two different organisms and the information below to answer the following.

Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. A frog is a multicellular organism that lives in aquatic environments.

Which system in the frog produces chemicals that regulate functions in different parts of its body?

Use the information and the figure below to answer the following.

The diagram below shows a colony of prokaryotes and a single-celled eukaryote. The eukaryote contains organelles that resemble the three types of bacteria found in the colony of prokaryotes. More than a billion years ago, bacteria like these may have joined other prokaryotes to form colonies of cells. Researchers think that these once free-living prokaryotes became the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes.

In the eukaryote, which of these organelles are used to make sugars?

Scientists have recently discovered a new species that lives attached to the side of a tree. An organism from this new species

• is multicellular
• has cell walls
• has vascular tissues
• makes its own food
• has structures that absorb moisture from the air

Which of these is not true about cells in the new organism?

Which of these is an example of feedback in a biological system?

Which of these is not a direct function of the skeletal system?

What is the primary role of the endocrine system?

Use the information below to answer the following.

Scientists have recently discovered a new species that lives attached to the side of a tree. An organism from this new species

• is multicellular
• has cell walls
• has vascular tissues
• makes its own food
• has structures that absorb moisture from the air

Which of these describes the function of the vascular tissues in this organism?

The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of

A protein called p53 can keep cells from dividing. To prevent cell division, this protein most likely stops

A group of students studied the effect of light intensity on the rate of a cell process in Elodea plants. The students exposed Elodea plants to different light intensities. A gas was produced by the cell process. The amount of this gas was measured. The rate of the cell process was determined by the amount of gas produced. A graph of the students' measurements is shown below.

Which of these parts of the Elodea plant cell produces the gas measured in the experiment?

A student observed different types of cells under a microscope. Four of the cells he observed are shown below.

Which of these structures in Cell 3 releases energy for use in cell processes?

Use the information and the diagrams below to answer the following.

A student observed different types of cells under a microscope. Four of the cells he observed are shown below.

Cell 4 has many hair-like structures that it uses for movement. What are these structures called?

Which of these organ systems is responsible for the removal of metabolic wastes from the blood?

Cholera bacteria live inside copepods, tiny marine organisms. This type of microscopic bacteria harms the copepods by feeding off their internal tissues.

Both of these organisms are found in oceans throughout the world. Unfavorable temperatures or salt levels may cause cholera bacteria to become inactive. When inactive, they do not feed or reproduce. When conditions become favorable, they become active once again.

A cholera population may depend on the population of copepods in the surrounding water. A simple food chain showing this relationship is shown below.

Cholera bacteria perform binary fission to

The diagram below shows the key steps for making proteins.

Which step involves ribosomes?

Mammals are exposed to a variety of outside temperatures. However, they are able to maintain a constant internal body temperature.

Describe ways that mammals warm and cool themselves in response to their environment.

Include in your response

• an example of a mammal and its environment
• both body structures and activities they use
• specific examples of both warming and cooling

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

Which of these body systems transports glucose and other substances in the blood to the cells of the body?

All organisms must be able to exchange chemical substances between their cells and their environment. Some organisms are unicellular and others are multicellular. These organisms have different strategies to obtain and use these chemical substances.

• What chemical substances must be exchanged between each organism and its environment?
• Describe the processes that cause these chemical substances to move into and out of cells.
• Describe the role of the cell membrane in the exchange of materials in both types of organism.
• Describe the role of body systems in the exchange of materials in a multicellular organism.

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

Maryland white oak trees make their own food. Their cells contain structures that capture energy from the sun. What are these structures?

During a trip to the beach, Allen finds a colony of sea anemones on a rock. These sea anemones are green and get their color from tiny single-celled algae that live in their tissues. The algae produce food for the anemones while the anemones provide a place for the algae to live.

A drawing of a mobile form of the single-celled green algae is shown below.

Which of these structures help this algae move?

During a trip to the beach, Allen finds a colony of sea anemones on a rock. These sea anemones are green and get their color from tiny single-celled algae that live in their tissues. The algae produce food for the anemones while the anemones provide a place for the algae to live.

Which parts of the single-celled algae are responsible for capturing energy?

Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.

Which of these organelles use oxygen to release energy?

Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body from the environment. Which of these body systems is directly involved in the delivery of oxygen to the major organs of the human body?

Which of these is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism?

How do living systems control the movement of materials into and out of cells?

In your response, be sure to

• identify the cell structures and body systems involved
• describe the functions of the cell structures and body systems involved
• identify and describe the processes responsible for the movement of materials into and out of cells

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split into two cells, as shown in the diagram.

Which of these best describes the process shown in the diagram?

A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split into two cells, as shown in the diagram.

Which of these structures does the organism shown above use to move itself?

The pine tree and the blue jay, shown below, both have internal structures that help transport fluids containing dissolved materials within their tissues.

Compare and contrast the transport systems of the pine tree and the blue jay. In your response, be sure to

• identify the type of transport system used by each organism
• describe the types of dissolved materials transported within each organism and exchanged with its environment
• explain why the pine tree and the blue jay need specialized transport systems

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

Which cell structure contains molecules that direct cell activities?

Read the decription of the experiment and use the table of results below to answer the following question.

A student designed an experiment to see if plants grow better when watered with a sugar solution. He divided the plants into six groups, measured the initial height of each plant, and calculated the average height for each group. Once a week for two months, he watered the plants in each group using a different sugar solution for each plant group. At the end of two months, he measured the final height of each plant and calculated the average height for each group. The student’s data are shown in the table below.

Which of these structures transport water throughout the plant?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question.

Part of the process of protein synthesis is shown below. The different structures in this process are numbered 1 through 5.

Structure 2 in the diagram represents a

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question.

Part of the process of protein synthesis is shown below. The different structures in this process are numbered 1 through 5.

The process shown in the diagram occurs in the

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question.

Part of the process of protein synthesis is shown below. The different structures in this process are numbered 1 through 5.

Structure 1 is produced in what part of the cell?

Some cells have many short, hairlike structures on their surfaces. These structures are used mainly for

Use the information below to answer the following question.

A particular toxin prevents cellular production of usable energy. Cells that are affected by this toxin are unable to carry out many of their normal functions.

Which of these organelles would be most directly harmed by this toxin?

Use the information below to answer the following question.

A particular toxin prevents cellular production of usable energy. Cells that are affected by this toxin are unable to carry out many of their normal functions.

If cells were exposed to this toxin, which of these processes would probably be least affected?

The human body functions properly when organ systems work together. Which organ system works with the muscular system to control muscle contraction?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer Numbers 24 through 26.

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below.

Which of these transports nutrients to the cells of a squid?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below.

Which of these is not a purpose of a squid’s sensory organs?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below.

What organ system controls the movement of the squid’s tentacles?

Nutrients taken in by the body are broken down during cell processes. Some products of these cell processes can be harmful if not removed from the body.

Describe how harmful waste products are removed from the body. In your response, be sure to

• identify the parts of a cell that are involved in waste removal
• identify the body systems involved in the removal of waste products
• explain how the body systems work together to remove waste from the body

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

Use the information below to answer Numbers 35 and 36.

Use the information below to answer the following item.

Hummingbirds need large amounts of energy to flap their wings between 60 and 200 times per second. Their wings beat so rapidly that it is difficult to see them move. They often appear suspended in air for extended periods of time without changing their location. Hummingbirds have long bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar. They also feed on insects.

The body system most directly interacting with the skeletal system to enable hummingbirds to beat their wings between 60 and 200 times per second is the

Use the information and diagram below to answer Numbers 1 and 2.

Use the information and diagram below to answer the following item.

Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below.

What is the organelle described?

Use the information and diagram below to answer Numbers 1 and 2.

Use the information and diagram below to answer the following item.

Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below.

Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer Numbers 5 through 7.

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

The diagram below shows stages of cell division of an amoeba, a unicellular organism.

Scientists have found that the rate of division in amoebas is controlled. Scientists believe that the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 is slowed by proteins. The additional time seems to help the amoeba change coding errors caused during DNA replication.

How does the chromosome number of the amoeba in stage 1 compare to an amoeba in stage 3?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

The diagram below shows stages of cell division of an amoeba, a unicellular organism.

Scientists have found that the rate of division in amoebas is controlled. Scientists believe that the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 is slowed by proteins. The additional time seems to help the amoeba change coding errors caused during DNA replication.

Specialized proteins control cell division in the amoeba. Which cell part is responsible for making these proteins?

Which of these is a function of the circulatory system in a mammal?

The kidneys regulate the levels of many chemicals and ions in the body. Which term best describes this process?

Below is a diagram that represents the relationship between two glands.

This is an example of

Use the information and the diagram below to answer Numbers 55 and 56.

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

Arteriosclerosis is a disease which clogs arteries in the human body. In arteriosclerosis, artery walls become thick. Fatty deposits build up on inner walls of arteries. This condition reduces the ability of arteries to perform their function. The diagram below shows a comparison between a healthy artery and one with arteriosclerosis.

Which body function is most affected by arteriosclerosis?

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

Arteriosclerosis is a disease which clogs arteries in the human body. In arteriosclerosis, artery walls become thick. Fatty deposits build up on inner walls of arteries. This condition reduces the ability of arteries to perform their function. The diagram below shows a comparison between a healthy artery and one with arteriosclerosis.

A healthy circulatory system is able to deliver excess oxygen and nutrients to cells. Which cell organelle requires oxygen to carry out cellular respiration?

Use the information below to answer Numbers 68 and 69.

Use the information below to answer the following item.

Scientists determined that excess fertilizer from farms entered a shallow lake. The fertilizer caused an increase in aquatic plants in the lake and then a decrease in oxygen in the water. Next, organic debris collected on the bottom of the lake. Over several years, the lake gradually filled in with organic sediment.

One species of aquatic plant found in the lake has 84 chromosomes in each cell. As nutrient levels increased, the population of this species increased through vegetative reproduction. How many chromosomes were in the cells of the offspring?

Use the information below to answer the following item.

Plants grow in various environments. Some plants, like mangroves, grow in salty wetlands. Mangroves have specialized structures that prevent salt from entering their cells. Other mangroves have specialized glands that can excrete excess salt.

Which organelle in mangrove cells converts solar energy into useable energy?