How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?

Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen. Abnormal hemoglobin cannot carry as much oxygen as normal hemoglobin. The sequences below show sections of the DNA sequence that produce both the normal and abnormal types of hemoglobin.

• Write the messenger RNA sequences that would be produced from the normal and abnormal DNA sequences shown above.
• Using the codon table, write the amino acid sequences produced from the DNA for normal and abnormal hemoglobin.
• Beginning with DNA, describe the process that forms proteins such as hemoglobin.

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

Which RNA sequence is produced using the DNA sequence AGC-TAC-ACT?

The diagram below shows the key steps for making proteins.

Which step involves transfer RNA?

Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood cells. The DNA code for hemoglobin contains the following segment:

TGC-GGA-CTC-CTC

Which of these is the messenger RNA code for this segment of DNA?

The diagram below shows the key steps for making proteins.

According to the diagram, in which step is messenger RNA being constructed?

Look at the DNA sequence below.

GAA     TTC     GCA

What do the G and A represent in the DNA sequence?

Scientists have recently discovered a new species that lives attached to the side of a tree. An organism from this new species

• is multicellular
• has cell walls
• has vascular tissues
• makes its own food
• has structures that absorb moisture from the air

The scientists learned that this organism produces a special protein that prevents it from freezing in cold weather. Which of these contains the information for making this protein?

Which of the following is correctly matched with its function?

Which of these statements best explains how genes and proteins are related?

A strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of TAC-CGG-AGT. Which of the following is the complementary mRNA nucleotide sequence produced from the strand of DNA?

A cellular process uses a strand of genetic material to produce a new strand. Parts of the strands are shown below.

This new strand will most likely be used for

In humans, the allele for having a hairline with a widow’s peak (H) is dominant to having a straight hairline (h).

A woman that is homozygous dominant for having a widow’s peak and a man that is heterozygous for having a widow’s peak have a child. What is the probability that their child will have a widow’s peak? In your response, be sure to include

• a completed Punnett square
• the genotypes and phenotypes of the parents
• the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the child
• an explanation of how DNA determines a trait such as widow’s peak

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm?

What is one role of transfer RNA in the cell?

The nucleotide base sequence of a strand of DNA is TAC-CGG-AGT. What is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

Which of these make up the primary link between a gene and the expression of a trait?

Which of these best describes the correct sequence in the expression of a trait?

Use the information below to answer the following item.

Scientists genetically modified a variety of corn to protect it against pests like the corn borer. The corn borer is an insect caterpillar that feeds on the corn stalk, which weakens the stalk and makes it fall over. A new gene in the genetically modified corn causes the plant to produce a chemical that is toxic to the corn borer. Some people are concerned that the genetically modified corn could harm other insects such as the monarch butterfly caterpillar. The monarch caterpillar eats leaves of milkweed plants that might be coated with toxic corn pollen. However, not all researchers agree with the concerns regarding the monarch butterfly caterpillar. They state that it is unusual for large amounts of harmful corn pollen to be found on milkweed leaves. Also, only a small percentage of caterpillars feed on the milkweed plants near corn fields.

Which was most likely introduced into corn that made it pest-resistant?

Use the technical passage and drawing to answer the following item.

Which of these is responsible for the color patterns on the head and neck of the bog turtle?