An Olympic gold medalist in cross-country skiing has a gene which causes him to produce 50% more hemoglobin than the average person. Which of these most likely caused this trait?

Which of these results when one nitrogen base replaces another in a segment of genetic material?

A rare disorder is caused by changes in a gene. Parents of individuals with the disorder have only normal copies of this gene. Which of these most likely causes this disorder?

A scientist cloned a goat. Which of these is a true statement about the cloned goat?

Scientists can insert and remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. Which of these identifies this process?

In the laboratory, scientists remove the gene for insulin from human chromosomes. They insert the gene into the DNA of bacteria. This causes the bacteria to produce human insulin. The insulin is used to treat diabetes in humans. Which of these describes this process?

Two segments of DNA are shown in the diagram below.

Normal thymine (T) is found in the old strand. It is replaced by an abnormal molecule (T*) in the new strand. The abnormal molecule (T*) binds to guanine (G) instead of binding to adenine (A). This is an example of

One kind of chromosomal mutation can occur during meiosis when a pair of chromosomes that carry genes for the same trait fail to separate. Which of these represents the sex chromosomes of a male organism when this type of chromosomal mutation has occurred?

Most bacteria do not have the ability to break down oil that is accidentally spilled into the ocean by tankers. However, scientists can insert a gene into the DNA of a bacterium to give it the ability to break down the oil. This technology is an example of

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item.

The diagram below shows stages of cell division of an amoeba, a unicellular organism.

Scientists have found that the rate of division in amoebas is controlled. Scientists believe that the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 is slowed by proteins. The additional time seems to help the amoeba change coding errors caused during DNA replication.

Which of these is most likely to be found in amoebas that do not have a sufficient delay between stage 2 and stage 3?

When the segment of human DNA that codes for insulin production is inserted into bacterial DNA, the bacterium begins producing human insulin.

Which of these best identifies the process by which human DNA is inserted into bacterial DNA?

Use the technical passage and drawing to answer the following item.

Which of these processes would most likely cause new color patterns on the head and neck of bog turtles?

Use the information below to answer the following item.

Scientists have observed that when a largemouth bass tries to eat a whirligig beetle, the fish is likely to get more than just a meal. Once inside the mouth of a bass, the beetle releases a foul-tasting substance into the fish’s mouth. The fish responds to this by swishing the beetle around in its mouth, spitting the beetle out into the water, and scooping the beetle back into its mouth. The bass is exhibiting a “flushing” behavior. Unlike other insects, whirligig beetles do not release all of their foul-tasting substance the first time they are pulled into a predator’s mouth. Each time the bass scoops the beetle back into its mouth, more of the substance is released. The bass must exhibit “flushing” again and again. If the bass tires of “flushing” before the beetle runs out of its foul-tasting substance, the beetle can avoid becoming the bass’s next meal.

The ability of whirligig beetles to gradually release a foul-tasting substance most likely results from