| Grade 2 |
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Standard 1.0 General Reading Processes:
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A. Phonemic Awareness
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B. Phonics
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1. Identify letters and their corresponding sounds
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a. Identify digraphs, such as ch, ph, sh, th, and wh
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b. Identify diphthongs, such as oy, ow, ay
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2. Decode words in grade-level texts
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a. Use phonics to decode words
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b. Break compound words, contractions, and inflectional endings into known parts
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c. Identify and apply vowel patterns to read words, such as CVC, CVCE, CVVC
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d. Read blends fluently, such as spl, str
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C. Fluency *
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1. Read orally from familiar text at an appropriate rate
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a. Listen to models of fluent reading
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b. Read familiar text at a rate that is conversational and consistent
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c. Reread text multiple times to increase familiarity with words
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2. Read grade-level text accurately
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a. Reread and self-correct while reading
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b. Decode words automatically
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c. Use word context clues (meaning), sentence structure (syntax), and visual clues to guide self-correction
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d. Read sight words automatically
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3. Read grade-level text with expression
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a. Demonstrate appropriate use of phrasing when reading both familiar and unfamiliar text
- Use punctuation marks to guide expression
- Use intonation (emphasis on certain words) to convey meaning
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D. Vocabulary
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1. Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts
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a. Acquire new vocabulary through listening to and independently reading a variety of literary and informational texts
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b. Discuss words and word meanings daily as they are encountered in texts, instruction, and conversation
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c. Make connections to prior knowledge and new vocabulary by listening, reading, and responding to a variety of texts
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d. Make inferences about the meaning of a word based on its use in a sentence
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e. Identify simple multiple meaning words
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f. Learn 8-12 new words each week (independent reading)
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2. Develop a conceptual understanding of new words
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a. Classify and categorize words into sets and groups, such as animals, adult/baby
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b. Identify and explain common antonyms, synonyms, and homophones to increase vocabulary skills
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c. Identify and correctly use new words acquired through study of their relationship to other words
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3. Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary
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a. Determine the meaning of unknown words
- Reread
- Use context clues
- Read on
- Use text features
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b. Use unfamiliar words introduced in literary and informational texts
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c. Use word structure to determine meanings of words
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d. Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words
- Dictionaries
- Textbook glossaries
- Thesauruses
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E. General Reading Comprehension
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1. Develop comprehension skills through exposure to a variety of print and non-print texts, including traditional print and electronic texts
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a. Listen to, read, and discuss texts representing diversity in content, culture, authorship, and perspective, including areas, such as race, gender, disability, religion, and socio-economic background
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b. Self-select appropriate text for a variety of purposes
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c. ** Read a minimum of 25-30 self-selected and/or assigned books representing various genres
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d. Discuss reactions to and ideas/information gained from reading experiences with adults and peers in both formal and informal situations
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2. Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading)
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a. Make and explain the connections made from prior knowledge and experiences with the text
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b. Make predictions or ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic
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c. Set a purpose for reading and identify type of text (fiction or nonfiction)
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3. Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading)
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a. Recall and discuss what they understand
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b. Identify and question what did not make sense
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c. Reread difficult parts slowly and carefully and use own words to restate difficult parts
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d. Read on, revisit, and restate the difficult parts in your own words
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e. Make, confirm, or adjust predictions
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f. Ask and answer questions about the text
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g. Periodically summarize while reading
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h. Visualize what was read
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i. Look back through the text to search for connections between and among ideas
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j. Explain personal connections to the topics, events, characters, and actions in texts
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4. Use strategies to demonstrate understanding of the text (after reading)
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a. Review/restate and explain what the text is mainly about
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b. Identify and explain what is directly stated in the text (details, literal meaning)
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c. Identify and explain what is not stated in the text (implied or inferential meaning)
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d. Summarize the text orally
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e. Confirm, refute, or make predictions to form new ideas
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f. Connect the text to prior knowledge or personal experience
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g. Engage in conversation to understand what has been read
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h. Retell explicit and implicit main ideas of texts
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i. Answer questions (what if, why, and how) in writing
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