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A. Comprehension of Informational Text
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1. Develop and apply comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned print and non-print informational texts, including electronic media
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a. Read, use, and identify the characteristics of nonfiction materials such as textbooks, appropriate reference materials, research and historical documents, personal narratives, diaries, and journals, biographies, newspapers, letters, articles, web sites and other online materials, other appropriate content-specific texts to gain information and content knowledge
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b. Read, use, and identify the characteristics of functional documents such as sets of directions, science investigations, atlases, posters, flyers, forms, instructional manuals, menus, pamphlets, rules, invitations, recipes, advertisements, other functional documents
Assessment limit:
- Grade-appropriate functional documents
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c. Select and read to gain information from personal interest materials such as brochures, books, magazines, cookbooks, catalogs, and web sites
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2. Identify and use text features to facilitate understanding of informational texts
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a. Use print features such as large bold print, font size/type, italics, colored print, quotation marks, underlining, and other appropriate content-specific texts
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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b. Use graphic aids such as illustrations and pictures, photographs, drawings, sketches, cartoons, maps (key, scale, legend, graphs, charts/tables, and diagrams, other graphic aids encountered in informational texts
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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c. Use informational aids such as introductions and overviews, materials lists, timelines, captions, glossed words, labels, numbered steps, bulleted lists, footnoted words, pronunciation key, transition words, end notes, works cited, other informational aids encountered in informational texts
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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d. Use organizational aids such as titles, chapter titles, headings, subheadings, tables of contents, numbered steps, glossaries, indices, transition words, other organizational aids encountered in organizational texts
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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e. Use online features such as URLs, hypertext links, sidebars, drop down menus, home pages, site maps, other features characteristic of online texts
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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f. Identify and explain the contributions of text features to support the main idea of the text
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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3. Develop and apply knowledge of organizational structure of informational text to facilitate understanding
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a. Identify and analyze the organizational patterns of texts such as sequential and/or chronological order, cause/effect, problem/solution, similarities/differences, description, main idea and supporting details, transition or signal words and phrases that indicate the organizational pattern
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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b. Explain how the organizational pattern clarifies and reinforces meaning and supports the author's/text's purpose
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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4. Determine and analyze important ideas and messages in informational texts
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a. Identify and explain the author's/text's purpose and intended audience
Assessment limit:
- Purpose of the author or the text or a portion of the text
- Connections between the text and the intended audience
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b. Identify and explain the author's opinion
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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c. State and support main ideas and messages
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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d. Summarize or paraphrase
Assessment limit:
- The text or a portion of the text
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e. Identify and explain information not related to the main idea
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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f. Explain relationships between and among ideas such as comparison/contrast, cause/effect, sequence/chronology
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
- Relationships between and among ideas in one or more texts
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g. Synthesize ideas from text
Assessment limit:
- From one text or a portion of the text or across multiple texts
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h. Distinguish between a fact and an opinion
Assessment limit:
- In one or more texts or a portion of a text
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i. Explain how someone might use the text
Assessment limit:
- Application of the text for personal use or content-specific use
- Topics and ideas within a text or across texts that may have implications for readers or contemporary society
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j. Connect the text to prior knowledge or experience
Assessment limit:
- Prior knowledge that clarifies, extends, or challenges the ideas in the text or a portion of the text
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5. Analyze purposeful use of language
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a. Analyze specific words or phrases that contribute to the meaning of a text
Assessment limit:
- Significant words and phrases (e.g., figurative language, idioms, etc.) in the text or a portion of the text
- Connotations of grade-appropriate words in context
- Denotations of above-grade-level words in context
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b. Analyze specific language choices that create tone
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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c. Analyze the effect of repetition of words and phrases on meaning
Assessment limit:
- In the text or a portion of the text
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6. Read critically to evaluate informational text
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a. Explain whether the text fulfills the reading purpose
Assessment limit:
- Connections between the content of the text and the purpose for reading
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b. Analyze changes or additions to the structure and text features that would make the text easier to understand
Assessment limit:
- Connections between effectiveness of format and text features in clarifying the main idea and/or purpose of the text
- Connections between effectiveness of organizational pattern and clarity of the main idea and/or purpose of the text
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c. Analyze the text and its information for reliability
Assessment limit:
- Connections between the credentials of the author and the information in the text
- Verification of information included in the text
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d. Determine and explain whether or not the author's argument or position is presented fairly
Assessment limit:
- Evidence of opposing points of view
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e. Identify and explain information not included in the text
Assessment limit:
- Information that would enhance or clarify the reader's understanding of the main idea of the text or a portion of the text
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f. Identify and explain language and other techniques intended to persuade the reader
Assessment limit:
- Significant words and phrases that have an emotional appeal
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