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A. Materials and Processes That Shape A Planet
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2. Cite evidence to demonstrate and explain that physical weathering and chemical weathering cause changes to Earth materials.
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a. Identify examples of physical weathering, such as the effect of wind, ice, etc. and describe the changes caused in each.
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b. Describe the changes in materials caused by each of the chemical weathering processes listed:
- Rusting/tarnishing
- Dissolving by acid rain
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c. Compare physical and chemical weathering and provide examples if changes caused in Earth materials or features by each of these processes.
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4. Differentiate among sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks based upon the processes by which they are formed.
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a. Identify and describe the processes that form sedimentary rock.
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b. Identify and describe the processes that form igneous rocks.
- Volcanic eruptions
- Igneous intrusions
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c. Identify and describe the processes that form metamorphic rocks.
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d. Cite features that can be used as evidence to distinguish among the three types of rocks and relate these features to the processes that form each rock type.
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e. Describe the processes that change one form of rock into another (rock cycle).
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B. Earth History
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C. Plate Tectonics
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1. Recognize and describe the internal and external structure of the Earth.
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a. Recognize and describe that the Earth's mantle
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b. Recognize and describe that the Earth's core
- Is at the center of the Earth
- Is very hot
- Is dense and metallic
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c. Identify and describe the Earth's crust.
- The solid crust consists of separate plates
- The plates constantly move in different directions due to convection currents
- The plates interact with one another as a result of plate motion.
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2. Recognize and explain how major geologic events are a result of the movement of Earth's crustal plates.
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a. Recognize and describe the evidence for plate movement.
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b. Recognize and explain that major geologic events (earthquakes, volcanic activity, sea floor spreading) occur along crustal plate boundaries.
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D. Astronomy
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1. Recognize that objects of our solar system are interrelated.
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a. Recognize that Earth and its closest star, the sun, are part of a disk-shape galaxy of stars and that our galaxy is one of billions of galaxies.
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b. Construct models with accurate scale that represent the position of the Earth relative to the sun and to other planets.
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c. Identify and describe the general pattern of movement of all objects in our solar system.
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d. Recognize that the pull of gravity causes the pattern of motion of celestial objects.
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E. Interactions of Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
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