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C. Electricity and Magnetism
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2. Cite evidence supporting that electrical energy can be produced from a variety of energy sources and can itself be transformed into almost any other form of energy.
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a. Research and identify various energy sources and the energy transforming devices used to produce electrical energy
- Wind (generators, wind mills)
- Sun (solar cells)
- Water (turbines)
- Fossil fuels (engines)
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b. Cite examples that demonstrate the transformation of electrical energy into other forms of energy.
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c. Investigate and describe that some materials allow the quick, convenient, and safe transfer of electricity (conductors), while others prevent the transfer of electricity (insulators).
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d. Identify and describe the energy transformations in simple electric circuits.
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3. Identify and describe magnetic fields and their relationship to electric current.
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a. Investigate and describe the magnetic fields surrounding various types of magnets using materials, such as iron filings and small comapasses.
- A single bar magnet
- Two bar magnets with like poles facing
- Two bar magnets with opposite poles facing
- A horseshoe magnet
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b. Investigate and explain ways to change the strength of a simple electromagnet by varying the number of coils wrapped, the amount of electricity in the wire, the number of batteries used, and whether or not an iron core is used.
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c. Describe how the electromagnet demonstrates the relationship of magnetism and electricity and identify common devices that demonstrate application of this relationship.
- Electric motors (fans, hair dryers, can openers)
- Electrical generators (turbine)
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d. Based on investigations describe that electricity moving through a wire produces a magnetic force on materials placed near the wire.
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D. Wave Interactions
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1. Identify and describe the relationships among the various properties of waves.
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a. Cite examples to show that waves transfer energy from one place to another.
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b. Measure and describe the wavelength, frequency, and amplitude of waves using:
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c. Measure and describe the relationship between the frequency and the wavelength of a wave.
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2. Provide evidence to demonstrate the relationship among the properties of waves using sound.
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a. Investigate and describe that the pitch of sounds can be varied by changing the rate of vibration.
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b. Identify and describe the relationship among frequency, wavelength, and pitch.
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c. Observe and describe the relationship between amplitude and loudness.
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d. Cite evidence that sound waves transfer energy using observation of sympathetic tuning forks, tuned guitar strings, etc.
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3. Investigate and cite the rules that govern behaviors of light.
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a. Based on data generalize the law of reflection.
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b. Cite evidence from observations and research to support the fact that something can be "seen" when light waves emitted or reflected by it enter the eye.
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c. Based on observations predict the change in the direction (refraction) of light as it travels from one material to another.
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d. Cite evidence that the amount of light energy absorbed or reflected depends on the color of the object illuminated.
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