During the reading of a narrative text, students will create a timeline of events. When a flashback occurs within the text, the students should highlight that entry on the timeline and draw an arrow to that point in the timeline that references the flashback. This allows a reader to visualize the structure of the narrative. Once reading is complete, teacher and students should discuss the effectiveness of the flashback and determine its purpose in the narrative. This same procedure works in reverse with foreshadowing.

During the reading of a narrative text, students will complete a graphic organizer listing clues to the resolution of the plot. After reading is complete, teacher and students should discuss if they could figure out the ending of the plot before actually reading it, what clues were most helpful in determining the conclusion, and why the author chose to foreshadow the conclusion.